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[h] Hematology & Oncology System Flashcards

[i] Master this session in just 5 minutes.

[q] ………. is the consistency and reproducibility of a test (reliability). It become maximal when random error is minimal. When ↑ –> ↓ standard deviation.

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[q] …….. is the trueness of test measurements (validity). It become maximal with absence of systematic error.

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[q] Which type of bias?

Study population selected from hospital is less healthy than general population (admitted in the hospital).

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[f]IEJlcmtzb24mIzgyMTc7cyBiaWFzIHdoaWNoIGlzIGEgc3VidHlwZSBvZiBzZWxlY3Rpb24gYmlhcy4=[Qq]

[q] Which type of bias?

Study population selected from working police officers (healthier on average than the general population)?

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[f]IEhlYWx0aHkgd29ya2VyIGVmZmVjdCB3aGljaCBpcyBhIHN1YnR5cGUgb2Ygc2VsZWN0aW9uIGJpYXMu[Qq]

[q] Which type of bias?

Occurs when individuals with severe or mild disease are excluded from your sample, resulting in an error in the estimated association between an exposure and an outcome?

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[f]IFByZXZhbGVuY2UgKE5leW1hbikgYmlhcyB3aGljaCBpcyBhIHN1YnR5cGUgb2Ygc2VsZWN0aW9uIGJpYXMu[Qq]

[q] Which type of bias?

Disproportionate loss to follow-up between the exposed and unexposed groups.

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[f]IEF0dHJpdGlvbiBiaWFzIChsb3NzIG9mIGZvbGxvdyB1cCBiaWFzKSB3aGljaCBpcyBhIHN1YnR5cGUgb2Ygc2VsZWN0aW9uIGJpYXMu[Qq]

[q] Solution to selection biases is ………?

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[f]IFJhbmRvbSBhc3NpZ25tZW50LiBBbiBpZGVhbCByYW5kb21pemF0aW9uIHByb2Nlc3MgbWluaW1pemVzIHNlbGVjdGlvbiBiaWFzLCByZXN1bHRzIGluIG5lYXItZXF1YWwgdHJlYXRtZW50IGFuZCBjb250cm9sIGdyb3VwIHNpemVzIGFuZCBhY2hpZXZlcyBhIGxvdyBwcm9iYWJpbGl0eSBvZiBjb25mb3VuZGluZyB2YXJpYWJsZXMu[Qq]

[q] Which type of bias?

Suggesting in word choice, nonverbal behavior, or tone, what answer is preferred.

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[q] Which type of bias?

The tendency of a study population to affect an outcome due to the knowledge of being studied.

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[q] Which type of bias?

Occurs when the investigator’s decision is adversely affected by knowledge of the exposure status.

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[f]IE9ic2VydmVyLUV4cGVjdGFuY3kgQmlhcyAoUHlnbWFsaW9uIGVmZmVjdCku[Qq]

[q]Which type of bias?

Results from inaccurate recall of past exposure by people in the study and applies mostly to retrospective studies such as case-control studies.

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[q] Which type of bias?

Occur if subjects over- or under-report exposure history due to perceived social stigmatization (smoking, sexual experiences).

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[q] Which type of bias?

Subjects in different groups are not treated the same. Patients in treatment group spend more time in highly specialized hospital units.

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[q] Solution to measurement bias is …..?

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[f]IERvdWJsZS1ibGluZCBkZXNpZ246IElmIHRoZSByZXNlYXJjaGVycyBkbyBub3QgaGF2ZSB0aGUga25vd2xlZGdlLCBpdCBjYW5ub3QgaW5mbHVlbmNlIGhvdyB0aGV5IGRlYWwgd2l0aCByZXNlYXJjaCBzdWJqZWN0cy4=[Qq]

[q] Which type of bias?

Artificial increase in survival time among tested patients who actually have an unchanged prognosis.

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[f]IExlYWQtVGltZSBCaWFzLg==

[q] Which type of bias?

New surgical procedures are done by the most expert surgeons, yielding an inflated estimate of the benefits and outcomes from the surgery.

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[q] Which type of bias?

Third variable, not the subject of research interest, produces the observed results. Related to both exposure and outcome. After doing stratified analysis based on the third variable, we discovered, there is no associated between the exposure and outcome.

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[q]……. is a method generally used in the design stage of case-control studies to control confounding?

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[f]IE1hdGNoaW5nLiBUaGUgaW5pdGlhbCBzdGVwIGluIG1hdGNoaW5nIGludm9sdmVzIHNlbGVjdGluZyB2YXJpYWJsZXMgdGhhdCBjb3VsZCBiZSBjb25mb3VuZGVycyAoYWdlLCByYWNlKS4gQ2FzZXMgYW5kIGNvbnRyb2xzIGFyZSB0aGVuIHNlbGVjdGVkIGJhc2VkIG9uIHRoZSBtYXRjaGluZyB2YXJpYWJsZXMgc28gdGhhdCBib3RoIGdyb3VwcyBoYXZlIGEgc2ltaWxhciBkaXN0cmlidXRpb24gaW4gYWNjb3JkYW5jZSB3aXRoIHRoZSB2YXJpYWJsZXMu[Qq]

[q] ….. results when an external variable positively or negatively impacts the effect of a risk factor on the disease of interest. This variable is related to outcome but not related to exposure. It is not a bias, but rather is a natural phenomenon

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