Confidence Interval

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Question 1 of 3

1. Question
Question 1 of 3

Two studies are conducted to assess the risk of developing asymptomatic liver mass in women taking oral contraceptive pills (OCP). Study A reports a relative risk of 1.6 (95% confidence interval 1.1-2.8) in women taking OCP compared to women not taking OCP over a five-year follow-up period. Study B reports a relative risk of 1.5 (95% confidence interval 0.8-3.5) in women taking OCP compared to women not taking OCP over a five-year follow-up period. Which of the following statements about the two studies is most accurate?
- A) Study A overestimates the risk
- B) The result in study B proves no causality
- C. C) The result in study A is not accurate
- D. D) The sample size in study B is small
- E) The p value in study B is less than 0.05
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Question 2 of 3

2. Question
Question 2 of 3

A ten-year prospective study is conducted to assess the effect of regular supplementary folic acid consumption on the risk of developing Alzheimer’s dementia. The investigators report a relative risk of 0.77 (95% confidence interval 0.59-0.98) in those who consume folic acid supplements compared to those who do not. Which of the following p values most likely corresponds to the results reported by the investigators?
- A) 0.03
- B) 0.05
- C) 0.07
- D) 0.09
- E) 0.15
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Question 3 of 3 [ Qid : 20 ]

A double-blind clinical study is conducted in patients with chronic heart failure, class II and III, treated with an ACE inhibitor and a loop diuretic. The patients are divided into two groups: one group receives metoprolol and the other group receives placebo. The following relative risk values are reported for the metoprolol group compared to the placebo group:

	Relative Risk	Confidence Interval
All-cause mortality	0.89	0.79 – 1.01
Myocardial infarction	0.74	0.64 – 0.85
Heart failure exacerbation	0.71	0.61 – 0.83
All-cause hospitalization	0.88	0.78 – 1.00
Cardiovascular mortality	0.79	0.68 – 0.89
Stroke	1.12	0.86 – 1.54

Which of the following provides the best interpretation for the obtained results?

A) Beta-blockers decrease both all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality
B) Beta-blockers predispose to a stroke
C) Beta-blockers affect all-cause mortality due to decreased risk of myocardial infarction
D) Beta-blockers may exacerbate heart failure but they decrease cardiovascular mortality
E) Beta-blockers protect from myocardial infarction but do not affect the risk of stroke

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1. Question

Question 1 of 3

2. Question

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3. Question

Question 3 of 3 [ Qid : 20 ]

Relative Risk

Confidence Interval

All-cause mortality

0.89

0.79 – 1.01

Myocardial infarction

0.74

0.64 – 0.85

Heart failure exacerbation

0.71

0.61 – 0.83

All-cause hospitalization

0.88

0.78 – 1.00

Cardiovascular mortality

0.79

0.68 – 0.89

Stroke

1.12

0.86 – 1.54

Which of the following provides the best interpretation for the obtained results?

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