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[h] Cardiovascular System Flashcards

[i] Master this session in just 5 minutes.

[q] What is the most likely diagnosis?

14 years old patient presenting with fever, Swelling and pain in knee joint with a similar attack in the ankle joint a week ago, annular, nonpruritic rash with erythematous borders in the trunk, and elevated ESR/CPR?

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[f]IFJoZXVtYXRpYyBmZXZlci4=

[q] ………….. is considered a systemic complication of pharyngitis due to group A β-hemolytic streptococci due to molecular mimicry (cross-reactivity of antibodies against bacterial and host antigens); bacterial M protein resembles proteins in human tissue.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IEFjdXRlIHJoZXVtYXRpYyBmZXZlci4=

[q] …………… is the most common cause of death during the acute rheumatic fever.

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[f]IE15b2NhcmRpdGlzLg==

[q] Myocarditis in acute rheumatic fever that are characterized by foci of chronic inflammation, reactive histiocytes with slender, wavy nuclei (Anitschkow cells), giant cells, and fibrinoid material

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[f]IEFzY2hvdGYgYm9kaWVzLg==

[q] ……………….. presents with involuntary, rapid, irregular jerking movements involving the face, arms, and legs. It is caused by a delayed onset autoimmune reaction involving anti-streptococcal antibodies that cross-react with the basal ganglia.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IFN5ZGVuaGFtIGNob3JlYS4=

[q] Fibrous thickening and fusion of the valve leaflets in chronic rheumatic heart disease following acute rheumatic fever is the most common cause of ……….?

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[f]IE1pdHJhbCBTdGVub3Npcy4=

[q] Chronic valvular inflammation and scarring associated with rheumatic heart disease predispose to an increased risk of ……………..?

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[q] Treatment and prophylaxis of choice for patients with acute rheumatic fever is ……..?

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[f]IExvbmcgYWN0aW5nIHBlbmljaWxsaW4u[Qq]

[q] What is the most likely diagnosis?

31 years old patient presenting with fever, new onset murmur, nontender macular, erythematous lesions on the  soles and subungual splinter haemorrhage + Blood culture is positive for S.aureus + Echocardiography shows vegetation in the mitral valve + multiple syringe marks in his arm?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IEFjdXRlIGluZmVjdGl2ZSBlbmRvY2FyZGl0aXMu

[q] ………………. is the most common predisposing condition for native valve infective endocarditis (IE) in developed nations.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IE1pdHJhbCB2YWx2ZSBwcm9sYXBzZSAod2l0aCBvciB3aXRob3V0IG1pdHJhbCByZWd1cmdpdGF0aW9uKS4=[Qq]

[q] ……………. typically colonize the oral mucosa and are the most common cause of infective endocarditis (IE) following dental procedures.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IFZpcmlkYW5zIGdyb3VwIHN0cmVwdG9jb2NjaSAoU3RyZXB0b2NvY2N1cyBzYW5ndWluaXMpLg==[Qq]

[q] …………….. is the most common cause of invective endocarditis in IV drug abusers and ………. is the most common valve to be affected?

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[f]IFN0YXBoeWxvY29jY3VzIGF1cmV1cy4=[Qq]

[q] ……………. is associated with endocarditis in patients with underlying colorectal carcinoma.

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[f]IFN0cmVwdG9jb2NjdXMgYm92aXMgKGdhbGxvbHl0aWN1cyku[Qq]

[q] …………. is a nontender macular, and erythematous lesions typically located on the palms and soles due to septic embolization of skin vessels from valvular vegetations (vascular phenomenon).

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[f]IEphbmV3YXkgbGVzaW9ucy4=

[q] Roth spots are round white spots on retina surrounded by hemorrhage and are considered (vascular or immunologic) manifestation of infective endocarditis.

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[q] Osler nodes are ouchy raised lesions on finger or toe pads due to …….?

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[q] ……………. is due to sterile vegetations that arise in association with SLE. Vegetations are present on the surface and undersurface of the mitral valve and result in mitral regurgitation.

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[q] ………………. is due to sterile vegetations that arise in association with a hypercoagulable state or malignancy (underlying adenocarcinoma). Vegetations arise on the mitral valve along lines of closure and result in mitral regurgitation.

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[f]IE5vbmJhY3RlcmlhbCB0aHJvbWJvdGljIGVuZG9jYXJkaXRpcy4=[Qq]

[q] Viral infection with …………. cause lymphocytic infiltrate with focal necrosis leading to viral myocarditis.

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[q] What is the most likely diagnosis?

34 years old female with history of systemic lupus presenting with sharp chest pain that changes in intensity with respiration (pleuritic) as well as the position of the body (positional), the pain is worsened by lying flat and improved by sitting up, high pitched, leathery, and scratchy sound heared through stethoscope +  EKG shows ST segment elevation in all leads and PR segment depression?

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[f]IEFjdXRlIHBlcmljYXJkaXRpcy4=[Qq]

[q] …………. is a chronic condition in which the normal pericardial space is replaced by a thick, fibrous calcified shell that restricts ventricular volumes and eventually causes heart failure with increased jugular venous pressure and often results in a positive Kussmaul sign.

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[q] What is the most likely diagnosis?

33 years old male patient presenting with hypotension, distended neck veins, distant or muffled heart sounds, and decrease in the systolic pressure of 10 mmHg or more during inspiration as compared with the pressure during exhalation + ECG shows low-voltage QRS and electrical alternans?

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[f]IENhcmRpYWMgdGFtcG9uYWRlLg==

[q] What is the most likely diagnosis?

52 years old patient presenting with fever, weight loss, a mid-diastolic rumbling murmur heard best at the apex, positional cardiovascular symptoms (dyspnea and syncope), embolic symptoms, and a large pedunculated mass in the left atrium + Histology shows scattered cells within a mucopolysaccharide stroma (myxoma), abnormal blood vessels due to angiogenesis, and hemorrhaging accompanied by hemosiderin laden macrophages?

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[f]IEF0cmlhbCBteXhvbWEu[Qq]

[q] …………. is a benign hamartoma of cardiac muscle and the most common primary cardiac tumor in children; associated with tuberous sclerosis. Usually arises in the ventricle.

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[f]IFJoYWJkb215b21hcy4=[Qq]

[q] ………….. is a yellow-brown, finely granular perinuclear pigment is the product of free radical injury and lipid peroxidation and is considered a normal morphological change in the aging heart.

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