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[h] Cardiovascular System Flashcards

[i] Master this session in just 5 minutes.

[q] The sinoatrial node consists of specialized pacemaker cells located at the junction of ……… and ………?

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[q] The AV node is located on the endocardial surface of the right atrium, near the insertion of the septal leaflet of the tricuspid valve and ……….?

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[q] AV nodal cells can become pacemaker of the ventricles when conduction between the SA and AV nodes is impaired. This can occur in cases of ………..?

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[q] The slowest conduction velocity of the heart occurs in ……… and the fastest conduction occurs in  ………..?. The conduction speed of the atrial muscle is …….. than that of the ventricular muscle.

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[q] Phase 4 of ventricular action potential is called ……….. and is due to ………….?

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[q] Phase 0 of ventricular action potential is called ……….. and is due to ………….?

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[q] Phase 1 of ventricular action potential is called ……….. and is due to ………….?

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[q] Phase 2 of ventricular action potential is called ……….. and is due to ………….?

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[q] Phase 3 of ventricular action potential is called ……….. and is due to ………….?

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[q] ………. is a period that begins at threshold and continues until the cell has almost completely repolarized. During this period, a second action potential cannot be generated, no matter how strong the stimulus.

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[q] Phase 4 of nodal action potential is called ……….. and is due to ………….?

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[q] Phase 0 of nodal action potential is called ……….. and is due to ………….?

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[q] Phase 0 of the non-pacemaker action potential is mediated by rapid ………. influx, in contrast to the slower calcium-mediated depolarization of pacemaker cells.

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[q] ……… is the only drug that slows heart rate (negative chronotropic effect) with no effect on cardiac contractility (inotropy) and/or relaxation (lusitropy).

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[q] By blocking SA and AV node calcium channels, ………. slows the depolarization that occurs in phase 0 and the latter part of phase 4. This decreases the rate of SA node firing and slows AV node conduction.

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[q] ……… interacts with receptors on the surface of cardiac cells, activating potassium channels and increasing potassium conductance, causing the membrane potential to remain negative for a longer period. It also inhibits L-type Ca channels, further prolonging the depolarization time.

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[f]IEFkZW5vc2luZS4=[Qq]

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