[qwiz style=”width: auto !important; min-height: auto !important; border-width: 4px !important; border-color: #0099cc !important; ” align=”center”]

[h] Neurology System Flashcards

[i] Master this session in just 5 minutes.

[q] (High or low) blood/gas partition coefficient means high blood solubility which means that more anesthetics must be absorbed by the blood before it can be effectively transferred to other tissues.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IEhpZ2gu

[q] (High or low) blood/gas partition coefficient means the amount of gas needed to saturate the blood is small and brain saturation occurs quickly and onset of action is (slow or fast)?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IGxvdywgZmFzdC4=

[q] If the arteriovenous concentration gradien of anesthetic drug is high, this means this drug has (high or low) tissue solubility. This means blood saturation will be (slow or fast) and brain saturation (slow or fast)?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IGhpZ2gsIHNsb3csIHNsb3cu[Qq]

[q] The potency of the drug depends on ………….?. The more lipid soluble the anesthetic, the (higher or lower) the MAC and the (higher or lower) the potency.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IHRoZSBsaXBpZCBzb2x1YmlsaXR5LCBsb3dlciwgaGlnaGVyLg==[Qq]

[q] Almost all of inhaled anesthetics (increase or decrease) cerebral blood flow which is undesirable effect as it results in increased ICP. Other important effects are myocardial depression, hypotension, respiratory depression and decreased renal function.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IGluY3JlYXNlLg==[Qq]

[q] Massive hepatic necrosis and malignant hyperthermia are rare but severe complication of ……….. exposure?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IGhhbG90aGFuZS4=[Qq]

[q] What is the most likely diagnosis?

35 years patient presenting with with fever and muscle rigidity soon after surgery under general anesthesia + Tachycardia, hypertension, hyperkalemia, acidosis and myoglobinuria?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IE1hbGlnbmFudCBoeXBlcnRoZXJtaWEu[Qq]

[q] Genetic susceptibility of malignant hyperthermia may be related to mutations in ………………?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IHRoZSBnZW5lcyBlbmNvZGluZyB0aGUgcnlhbm9kaW5lIHJlY2VwdG9ycyAoY2FsY2l1bSBjaGFubmVsKSBvZiBzYXJjb3BsYXNtaWMgcmV0aWN1bHVtLg==

[q] ………….. is a muscle relaxant effective in malignant hyperthermia. It acts on ryanodine receptor —> prevents further release of Ca into the cytoplasm of muscle fibers.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IERhbnRyb2xlbmUu

[q] The cause of the rapid plasma decay of thiopental was not metabolism of the drug but rather ………………?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IHJlZGlzdHJpYnV0aW9uIG9mIHRoZSBkcnVnIHRvIG90aGVyIHRpc3N1ZXMgdGhyb3VnaG91dCB0aGUgYm9keSAoc2tlbGV0YWwgbXVzY2xlcyBhbmQgYWRpcG9zZSB0aXNzdWUpLg==

[q] ………… potentiates GABA A effect. Used for sedation in ICU, rapid anesthesia induction, short procedures with less postoperative nausea than thiopental (antiemetic).

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IFByb3BvZm9sLg==[Qq]

[q] …………. is a PCP analogs that work as NMDA receptors antagonist. It act as dissociative anesthetics (no sensory input). It cause disorientation, hallucination, bad dreams.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IEFyeWxjeWNsb2hleHlsYW1pbmVzIChLZXRhbWluZSku[Qq]

[q] ………… work by blocking of Na channels in peripheral sensory receptors by binding to specific receptors on inner portion of channel. Preferentially bind to inactivated Na channels keeping them in this inactive state.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IExvY2FsIGFuZXN0aGV0aWNzLg==

JiM4MjExOyBFc3RlcnM6IHByb2NhaW5lLCBjb2NhaW5lLCB0ZXRyYWNhaW5lIChlc3RlcnMgaGF2ZSBqdXN0IG9uZSBpIGluIHRoZWlyIG5hbWVzKSBhcmUgbWV0YWJvbGl6ZWQgYnkgcGxhc21hIGFuZCB0aXNzdWUgZXN0ZXJhc2VzLg==

JiM4MjExOyBBbWlkZXM6IGxJZG9jYUluZSwgbWVwSXZhY2FJbmUsIGJ1cEl2YWNhSW5lIChhbUlkZXMgaGF2ZSAyIEnigJlzIGluIG5hbWUpIGFyZSBtZXRhYm9saXplZCBieSBsaXZlciBhbWlkYXNlcy4=[Qq]

[q] In infected tissue (more acidic medium), alkaline anesthetics are more charged, so you will need ………………?

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IG1vcmUgYW5lc3RoZXRpYyBhbmQgbG9uZyBkdXJhdGlvbiB0byBnZXQgYW5lc3RoZXRpYyBlZmZlY3QgaW4gaW5mZWN0ZWQgdGlzc3Vlcy4=[Qq]

[q] ………….. is a strong ACh receptor agonist that produces sustained depolarization followed by desensitization and prevents muscle contraction. It causes hypercalcemia, hyperkalemia, and malignant hyperthermia as side effects.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IFN1Y2NpbnlsY2hvbGluZS4=

[q] There may be a genetic defect leads to …………. —–> no metabolism of succinylcholine —-> long recovery and may need ventilator support after the operation.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IGF0eXBpY2FsIHBzZXVkb2Nob2xpbmVzdGVyYXNlLg==[Qq]

[q] ………….. work as a muscle relaxant by competion with ACh for receptors.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IFR1Ym9jdXJhcmluZSwgYXRyYWN1cml1bSwgbWl2YWN1cml1bSwgcGFuY3Vyb25pdW0sIHZlY3Vyb25pdW0sIHJvY3Vyb25pdW0gKG5vbmRlcG9sYXJpemluZyBkcnVncyBoYXZlIOKAnGN1cml1bSYjODIyMTsgb3Ig4oCcY29yb25pdW0mIzgyMjE7IHN1ZmZpeCku[Qq]

[q] ………………….. is used for reversal of blockade of nondepolarizing Neuromuscular blocking drugs.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IEFjZXR5bCBjaG9saW5lIGVzdGVyYXNlIGluaGliaXRvcnMgYXMgbmVvc3RpZ21pbmUgKG11c3QgYmUgZ2l2ZW4gd2l0aCBhdHJvcGluZSB0byBwcmV2ZW50IG11c2NhcmluaWMgZWZmZWN0cyBzdWNoIGFzIGJyYWR5Y2FyZGlhKS4=[Qq]

[q] ………, …………., and ………. are centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant used for treatment of muscle spasticity, multiple sclerosis, ALS, cerebral palsy.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IEJhY2xvZmVuLCBDeWNsb2JlbnphcHJpbmUsIFRpemFuaWRpbmUu[Qq]

[q] ………….  have a chemical structure similar to the neurotransmitter dopamine and directly stimulate dopamine receptors. Can be used for treatment of Parkinson disease, hyperprolactinemia, restless leg syndrome. And cause dyskinesia and psychosis as side effects.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IERvcGFtaW5lIGFnb25pc3RzOg==
CiYjODIxMTsgRXJnb3QgY29tcG91bmRzOiBCcm9tb2NyaXB0aW5lIGFuZCBwZXJnb2xpZGUu
CiYjODIxMTsgTm9uLWVyZ290IGNvbXBvdW5kczogcHJhbWlwZXhvbGUgYW5kIHJvcGluaXJvbGUu

[Qq]

[q] ………. is used for treatment of parkinsonism by ↑ dopamine release and ↓ dopamine reuptake, also used as an antiviral against influenza A and rubella.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IEFtYW50YWRpbmUu

[q] levodopa has tradionally been administered with ……………. to ↑ the bioavailability of L-dopa in the brain and to limit peripheral side effects (nausea & vomiting).

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IGNhcmJpZG9wYSAoYSBwZXJpcGhlcmFsIGRvcGEgZGVjYXJib3h5bGFzZSBpbmhpYml0b3IpLg==

[q] ……………….. are central effects of dopamine and are caused by L-dopa, regardless of whether carbidopa is added to levodopa treatment.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IEFueGlldHksIGFnaXRhdGlvbiwgRHlza2luZXNpYSwgcHN5Y2hvc2lz[Qq]

[q] ……….. is a COMT inhibitor that primarily serves to increase the bioavailability by inhibiting peripheral methylation.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IEVudGFjYXBvbmUu

[q] …………. is another COMT inhibitor that inhibit both peripheral and central methylation. Unlike entacapone, tolcapone has been associated with hepatotoxicity.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IFRvbGNhcG9uZS4=

[q] ……………….. supplementation should not be taken by those on levodopa therapy, because it increases the peripheral metabolism of levodopa and decreases its effectiveness. The more peripheral conversion of levodopa, the less levodopa enters the CNS.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IFZpdGFtaW4gQjYu[Qq]

[q] ……… blocks conversion of dopamine into 3-MT by selectively inhibiting MAO-B.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IFNlbGVnaWxpbmUu

[q] …………. are the preferred treatment for drug-induced parkinsonism after discontinuing the offending medication.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IENlbnRyYWxseS1hY3RpbmcgYW50aW11c2NhcmluaWMgZHJ1Z3MgKHRyaWhleHlwaGVuaWR5bCwgQmVuenRyb3BpbmUpLg==

[q] …………….. are centeral AChE inhibitors and are 1st-line treatment of alzhimer patients.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IERvbmVwZXppbCwgZ2FsYW50YW1pbmUsIHJpdmFzdGlnbWluZSwgdGFjcmluZS4=[Qq]

[q] ………….. is a NMDA receptor antagonist and are used for treatment of alzhimer patients.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IE1lbWFudGluZS4=[Qq]

[q] …………….. inhibit vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT), limit dopamine vesicle packaging and release and are used for treatment of Huntington disease.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IFRldHJhYmVuYXppbmU=[Qq]

[q] …………. directly counter the pathophysiologic mechanism of migraine headaches by inhibiting the release of vasoactive peptides —> vasoconstriction and blocking pain pathways in the brain stem. It is used for treatment of Acute migraine, cluster headache attacks. Contraindicated in patients with CAD or Prinzmetal angina or pregnancy.

[c]IFNob3cgbWUgdG hlIGFuc3dlcg==[Qq]

[f]IDUtSFQgYWdvbmlzdHMgKFN1bWF0cmlwdGFuKS4=

[x][restart]

[/qwiz]