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[h] Reproductive System Flashcards

[i] Master this session in just 5 minutes.

[q] What is the most likely diagnosis?

29 years old obese female presenting inability to conceive although unprotected sex with her husband for 1 year, menstrual irregularities between amenorrhea and abnormal uterine bleeding, and hirsutism + lab findings show LH:FSH ratio 3:1 + Pelvic ultrasound is shown below?

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[q] With time endometrial hyperplasia can result from chronic anovulation in Polycystic ovarian syndrome, which could progress to …………?

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[f]IGVuZG9tZXRyaWFsIGNhbmNlci4=[Qq]

[q] The combined effect of increased total testosterone and decreased SHBG leads to elevated levels of free ………… which results in hirsutism.

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[f]IHRlc3Rvc3Rlcm9uZS4=[Qq]

[q] ……………. is a selective estrogen receptor modulator that can be used by  PCOS patients who desire pregnancy that prevents negative feedback inhibition on the hypothalamus by circulating estrogen, which results in increased gonadotropin production (FSH and LH) and ovulation.

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[f]IENsb21pcGhlbmUu[Qq]

[q] The first-line therapy for menstrual regulation is a combination of  ……………..?

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[q] …………… will lower testosterone production by suppressing LH stimulation of the ovarian follicle theca cells and will also increase SHBG, thus decreasing free testosterone levels.

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[q] …………… is the leading cause of gynecological cancer deaths.

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[q] Ovaries in the postmenopausal age group should be atrophic; anytime they are enlarged, the suspicion of ……….. arises.

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[q] Oral contraceptive pills (increase or decrease) the risk of ovarian cancer?

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[f]IGRlY3JlYXNlcyAoZGVjcmVhc2UgdGhlIHRvdGFsIG51bWJlciBvZiBsaWZldGltZSBvdnVsYXRpb25zKS4=

[q] Majority of malignant ovarian tumors are …………………?

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[f]IGVwaXRoZWxpYWwgKHNlcm91cyBjeXN0YWRlbm9jYXJjaW5vbWEgbW9zdCBjb21tb24pLg==

[q]  We can monitor response to therapy and recurrence of surface epithelial tumors by measuring ……………..?

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[q] What is the most likely diagnosis?

60 years old female patient presenting with bilateral adenexal mass + ultrasound shows bilateral homogenous cyst without loculations + Histology shows benign cyst with fallopian tube-like epithelium?

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[f]IFNlcm91cyBjeXN0YWRlbm9tYS4=[Qq]

[q] What is the most likely diagnosis?

60 years old female patient presenting with bilateral adenexal mass + ultrasound shows bilateral homogenous cyst without loculations + Histology shows malignant cyst with fallopian tube-like epithelium and psammoma bodies?

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[f]IFNlcm91cyBjeXN0YWRlbm9jYXJjaW5vbWEu[Qq]

[q] What is the most likely diagnosis?

60 years old female patient presenting with unilateral adenexal mass + ultrasound shows unilateral multilocular cyst + Histology shows benign cyst lined with endocervix-like epithelium?

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[f]IE11Y2lub3VzIGN5c3RhZGVub21hLg==

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[Qq]

[q] What is the most likely diagnosis?

60 years old female patient presenting with unilateral adenexal mass + ultrasound shows unilateral multilocular cyst + Histology shows malignant cyst lined with endocervix-like epithelium + intraperitoneal accumulation of mucinous material?

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[q] What is the most likely diagnosis?

60 years old female patient presenting with unilateral adenexal mass + ultrasound shows unilateral mass + Histology shows benign mass lined with transitional epithelium similar to Bladder + “Coffee bean” nuclei on H&E stain?

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[q] ……………. is the 2nd most common type of ovarian tumor (15% of cases).

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[q] What is the most likely diagnosis?

44 years old female patient presenting with unilateral adenexal mass + ultrasound shows unilateral cystic tumor + Histology shows skin, hair, teeth, bone, and cartilage?

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[f]IE1hdHVyZSB0ZXJhdG9tYSAoJiM4MjIwO2Rlcm1vaWQgY3lzdCYjODIyMTspLg==

[q] (Immature or mature) teratoma is aggressively malignant commonly diagnosed before age 20. Typically represented by immature/embryonic-like neural tissue (neuroectoderm).

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[q] ………….. is the most common malignant germ cell tumor in adolescents. Seen commonly in Turner syndrome. Composed of large cells with clear cytoplasm and central nuclei (resemble oocytes). Tumor markers that may be associated with it are ………………?

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[Qq]

[q] …………. is the most common germ cell tumor in children. Serum AFP is often elevated. 50% have Schiller-Duval bodies (glomerulus-like structures) are classically seen on histology.

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[q] ………..  is a malignant tumor composed of trophoblasts and syncytlotrophoblasts; mimics placental tissue, but villi are absent with early hematogenous spread. High β-hCG is characteristic (produced by syncytiotrophoblasts); may lead to thecal cysts in the ovary and have poor response to chemotherapy.

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[q] What is the most likely diagnosis?

6 years old female child presenting with breast development in tanner stage 2 and growth of pubic hair + during examination there is pelvic mass +  Histology shows Call-Exner bodies?

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[q] Testicular counterpart of dysgerminoma is called ………….. which is a relatively common germ cell tumor in males.

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[q] ……………… is a type of ovarian tumor that resembles testicular histology with tubules/cords lined by pink Sertoli cells. It may produce androgens → virilization (hirsutism, male pattern baldness, clitoral enlargement).

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[q] What is the most likely diagnosis?

44 years old female patient presenting with unilateral adenexal mass + Histology shows bundles of spindle-shaped fibroblasts + ascites, pleural effusion and dyspnea and Pulling sensation in groin.

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[q] What is the most likely diagnosis?

52 years old female with history of diffuse type gastric adenocarcinoma presenting with bilateral adenexal mass + Histology shows signet ring cells with large amounts of mucin displacing the nucleus peripherally?

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[q]…………….. helps distinguish metastases from primary mucinous carcinoma of the ovary, which is usually ……………….?

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[q] The most common cause of a simple cystic mass in the reproductive age years is a ……………..?.  May be associated with hyperestrogenism, endometrial hyperplasia.

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[q] …………… are bilateral functional ovarian cyst stimulated by high levels of FSH and β-hCG (ovarian hyperstimulation). They are associated with twins and molar pregnancies, but they are only rarely associated with a normal singleton pregnancy. The natural course of these tumors is postpartum spontaneous regression and require only conservative management.

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[q] What is the most likely diagnosis?

33 years old female with history of dermoid cyst presenting with sudden onset Pelvic pain, nausea, vomiting, and low-grade fever + Doppler ultrasound shows absent blood flow to the ovary?

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[q] What is the most likely diagnosis?

22 years old female who is a long distance runner presenting with amenorrhea, osteopenia, vaginal atrophy, and breast atrophy + lab findings show ↓ LH, FSH, estrogen?

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[f]IEZ1bmN0aW9uYWwgaHlwb3RoYWxhbWljIGFtZW5vcnJoZWEu

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